Mathc gnuplot/Application : Méthode de Newton

/* ------------------------------------ */
/*  Save as :   c01.c                   */
/* ------------------------------------ */
#include "x_ahfile.h"
#include       "f2.h"
/* ------------------------------------ */
int main(void)
{
int         n = 5;
double FirstA = 0.5;

 clrscrn();
 printf(" Use Newton's method to approximate"
        " the intersection point of :\n\n");
 printf(" g : x-> %s\n\n", geq);
 printf(" and\n\n");
 printf(" h : x-> %s\n\n", heq);

 G_gh(i_WGnuplot(-4,4,-4,4), geq,heq);

 printf(" To see the graphs of g and h, open the"
        " file \"a_main.plt\" with Gnuplot.\n\n"
        " You can see that, the intersection"
        " point is between 0.0 and 1.0.\n\n"
        " Choose x = %.1f as a first approximation.\n\n",FirstA);
 getchar();

 clrscrn();
 printf(" In fact we want find sin(x) = cos(x)"
        " or sin(x) - cos(x) = 0.\n\n"
        " We want find a root of\n\n"
        " f : x-> %s\n\n", feq);
 getchar();

 clrscrn();
 printf(" As a first approximation x = %.1f \n\n"
        " The Newton's method give :        \n\n",FirstA);

     G_gh_x_0(i_WGnuplot(-4,4,-4,4),
               geq,
               heq,
                 g,
               Newton_s_Method(FirstA,n,f,Df));

 printf("\n\n load \"a_main.plt\" with gnuplot. "
        "\n\n Press return to continue");
 getchar();

 return 0;
}

Le résultat.

Use Newton's method to approximate the intersection point of :
g : x-> sin(x)
and
h : x-> cos(x)
.
To see the graphs of g and h, open the file "a_main.plt" with Gnuplot.
.
You can see that, the intersection point is between 0.0 and 1.0.
Choose x = 0.5 as a first approximation.
In fact we want find sin(x) = cos(x) or sin(x) - cos(x) = 0.
We want find a root of
.
f : x-> sin(x) - cos(x)
.
As a first approximation x = 0.5 
.
The Newton's method give :        
.
x[1] = 0.500000000000000
x[2] = 0.793407993026023
x[3] = 0.785397992096516
x[4] = 0.785398163397448
x[5] = 0.785398163397448
.
load "a_main.plt" with gnuplot.

Résultat dans gnuplot

Un autre exemple avec :

As a first approximation x = -2.5 
.
The Newton's method give :        
.
x[1] = -2.500000000000000
x[2] = -2.355194920430497
x[3] = -2.356194490525248
x[4] = -2.356194490192345
x[5] = -2.356194490192345

Résultat dans gnuplot

Les fichiers h de ce chapitre

	`x_ahfile.h` Appel des fichiers

/* ------------------------------------ */
/*  Save as :   x_ahfile.h               */
/* ------------------------------------ */
#include    <stdio.h>
#include   <stdlib.h>
#include    <ctype.h>
#include     <time.h>
#include     <math.h>
#include   <string.h>
/* ------------------------------------ */
#include     "xdef.h"
#include     "xplt.h"
/* ------------------------------------ */
#include  "knewton.h"
#include    "kg_gh.h"

	`f2.h` La fonction à dessiner

/* ------------------------------------ */
/*  Save as :   f2.h                    */
/* ------------------------------------ */
double g(
double x)
{
        return(sin(x));
}
char  geq [] = "sin(x)";
/* ------------------------------------ */
double Dg(
double x)
{
          return(cos(x));
}
char  Dgeq [] = "cos(x)";
/* ------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------ */
double h(
double x)
{
        return(cos(x));
}
char  heq [] = "cos(x)";
/* ------------------------------------ */
double Dh(
double x)
{
          return(- sin(x));
}
char  Dheq [] = "- sin(x)";
/* ------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------ */
double f(
double x)
{
         return(sin(x) - cos(x));
}
char  feq [] = "sin(x) - cos(x)";
/* ------------------------------------ */
double Df(
double x)
{
          return(cos(x) + sin(x));
}
char  Dfeq [] = "cos(x) + sin(x)";

	`knewton.h` Méthode de Newton

/* ------------------------------------ */
/*  Save as :   knewton.h               */
/* ------------------------------------
   x_n+1 = x_n -  f(x_n)
                 ------
                 f'(x_n)
  ------------------------------------ */
double Newton_s_Method(
double x,
   int imax,
double (*P_f)(double x),
double (*PDf)(double x)
)
{
int i=1;

   for(;i<=imax;i++)
      {
       printf(" x[%d] = %.15f\n",i,x);
       x -= ((*P_f)(x))/((*PDf)(x));
      }
return(x);
}

	`kg_gh.h` Fonctions graphiques

/* ------------------------------------ */
/*  Save as :   kg_gh.h                */
/* ------------------------------------ */
void G_gh(
W_Ctrl w,
  char geq[],
  char heq[]
)
{
FILE   *fp = fopen("a_main.plt","w");

fprintf(fp," set zeroaxis lt 8\n"
           " set grid\n\n"
           " plot [%0.3f:%0.3f] [%0.3f:%0.3f] \\\n"
           " %s, \\\n"
           " %s  \n"
           " reset",
           w.xmini,w.xmaxi,w.ymini,w.ymaxi,
           geq,heq);

 fclose(fp);
}
/* ------------------------------------ */
void G_gh_x_0(
W_Ctrl  w,
  char  geq[],
  char  heq[],
double (*P_g)(double x),
double  x_0
)
{
FILE   *fp = fopen("a_main.plt","w");
FILE   *fq = fopen( "a_x_0.plt","w");

fprintf(fp," set zeroaxis lt 8\n"
           " set grid\n"
           " plot [%0.3f:%0.3f] [%0.3f:%0.3f] \\\n"
           " %s, \\\n"
           " %s, \\\n"
           " \"a_x_0.plt\" pt 7 ps 3 \n"
           " reset",
           w.xmini,w.xmaxi,w.ymini,w.ymaxi,
           geq,heq);
 fclose(fp);

fprintf(fq," %0.6f   %0.6f", x_0,(*P_g)(x_0));
 fclose(fq);
}