Syntaxe de base

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XSLT signifie Extended Stylesheet Language Transformations. Il s'agit d'un langage qui permet de transformer un document XML en un autre format en s'appuyant sur XPath. On peut par exemple créer une page HTML, un fichier PDF ou autre à partir d'un fichier XML.

Le langage XSLT se base sur la notion de règles de transformation. Pour chaque balise XML, on définit comment son contenu doit apparaître dans le document produit. Ces règles sont dans des balises <xsl: et on les enregistre dans des documents .xsl.

 Les exemples ci-dessous sont vérifiables avec l'outil http://www.w3schools.com/xsl/tryxslt.asp?xmlfile=cdcatalog&xsltfile=cdcatalog

Attributs

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Attributs Note
match désigne le nœud auquel s'applique le code.
select ce qu'il faut trier dans le résultat.
order classe les résultats (ascending ou descending)
case-order classe les résultats en distinguant les lettres capitales (upper-first ou

lower-first)

data-types convertit le type des données (ex : string, number, boolean)

Exemple

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<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<persons>
  <person username="JS1">
    <name>John</name>
    <family-name>Smith</family-name>
  </person>
  <person username="MI1">
    <name>Morka</name>
    <family-name>Ismincius</family-name>
  </person>
</persons>
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet 
 xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
 version="1.0">
  <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>
 
  <xsl:template match="/persons">
    <root>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="person"/>
    </root>
  </xsl:template>
 
  <xsl:template match="person">
    <name username="{@username}">
      <xsl:value-of select="name" />
    </name>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
=
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
  <name username="JS1">John</name>
  <name username="MI1">Morka</name>
</root>


Depuis PHP5 l'extension est déjà inclue[1] dans le fichier PHP.ini :

extension=php_xsl.dll

Il n'y a donc rien a installer pour charger les deux fichiers publiés ci-dessus :

<?php
$XML = new DOMDocument();
$XML->load('note.xml');

$XSL = new DOMDocument();
$XSL->load('note.xsl', LIBXML_NOCDATA);

$xslt = new XSLTProcessor();
$xslt->importStylesheet($XSL);

print $xslt->transformToXML($XML);
?>

Syntaxe avancée

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Éléments

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Éléments XSL[2][3] Description Catégorie
apply-imports Applies a template rule from an imported stylesheet instruction
apply-templates Applies a template rule to the current element or to the current element's child nodes instruction
attribute Adds an attribute instruction
attribute-set Defines a named set of attributes top-level-element
call-template Calls a named template instruction
choose Used in conjunction with <when> and <otherwise> to

express multiple conditional tests

instruction
comment Creates a comment node in the result tree instruction
copy Creates a copy of the current node
(without child nodes and attributes)
instruction
copy-of Creates a copy of the current node
(with child nodes and attributes)
instruction
decimal-format Defines the characters and symbols to be used when converting numbers into strings, with the format-number() function top-level-element
element Creates an element node in the output document instruction
fallback Specifies an alternate code to run if  the processor does not support an XSLT element instruction
for-each Loops through each node in a specified node set instruction
if Contains a template that will be applied only if a specified condition is true instruction
import Imports the contents of one stylesheet into another.
Note: An imported stylesheet has lower precedence than the importing stylesheet
top-level-element
include Includes the contents of one stylesheet into another.
Note: An included stylesheet has the same precedence as the including stylesheet
top-level-element
key Declares a named key that can be used in the stylesheet with the key() function top-level-element
message Writes a message to the output (used to report errors) instruction
namespace-alias Replaces a namespace in the stylesheet to a different namespace in the output top-level-element
number Determines the integer position of the current node and formats a number instruction
otherwise Specifies a default action for the <choose> element instruction
output Defines the format of the output document top-level-element
param Declares a local or global parameter top-level-element
preserve-space Defines the elements for which white space should be preserved top-level-element
processing-instruction Writes a processing instruction to the output instruction
sort Sorts the output instruction
strip-space Defines the elements for which white space should be removed top-level-element
stylesheet Defines the root element of a stylesheet top-level-element
template Rules to apply when a specified node is matched top-level-element
text Writes literal text to the output instruction
transform Defines the root element of a stylesheet top-level-element
value-of Extracts the value of a selected node instruction
variable Declares a local or global variable top-level-element or instruction
when Specifies an action for the <choose> element instruction
with-param Defines the value of a parameter to be passed into a template instruction

Fonctions

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Nom[4] Description
current() Returns the current node
document() Used to access the nodes in an external XML document
element-available() Tests whether the element specified is supported by the XSLT processor
format-number() Converts a number into a string
function-available() Tests whether the element specified is supported by the XSLT processor
generate-id() Returns a string value that uniquely identifies a specified node
key() Returns a node-set using the index specified by an <xsl:key> element
system-property Returns the value of the system properties
unparsed-entity-uri() Returns the URI of an unparsed entity

Fonctions héritées de XPath

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Nom[5] Description Syntaxe
count() Returns the number of nodes in a node-set number=count(node-set)
id() Selects elements by their unique ID node-set=id(value)
last() Returns the position number of the last node in the processed node list number=last()
local-name() Returns the local part of a node. A node usually consists of a prefix, a colon, followed by the local name string=local-name(node)
name() Returns the name of a node string=name(node)
namespace-uri() Returns the namespace URI of a specified node uri=namespace-uri(node)
position() Returns the position in the node list of the node that is currently being processed number=position()

Fonctions chaines

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Nom Description Exemple
Concat() Returns the concatenation of all its arguments string=concat(val1, val2, ..)

Example:
concat('The',' ','XML')
Result: 'The XML'

contains() Returns true if the second string is contained within the first

string, otherwise it returns false

bool=contains(val,substr)

Example:
contains('XML','X')
Result: true

normalize-space() Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string string=normalize-space(string)

Example:
normalize-space(' The   XML ')
Result: 'The XML'

starts-with() Returns true if the first string starts with the second string,

otherwise it returns false

bool=starts-with(string,substr)

Example:
starts-with('XML','X')
Result: true

string() Converts the value argument to a string string(value)

Example:
string(314)
Result: '314'

string-length() Returns the number of characters in a string number=string-length(string)

Example:
string-length('Beatles')
Result: 7

substring() Returns a part of the string in the string argument string=substring(string,start,length)

Example:
substring('Beatles',1,4)
Result: 'Beat'

substring-after() Returns the part of the string in the string argument that occurs after the substring in the substr argument string=substring-after(string,substr)

Example:
substring-after('12/10','/')
Result: '10'

substring-before() Returns the part of the string in the string argument that occurs

before the substring in the substr argument

string=substring-before(string,substr)

Example:
substring-before('12/10','/')
Result: '12'

translate() Takes the value argument and replaces all occurrences of string1

with string2 and returns the modified string

string=translate(value,string1,string2)

Example:
translate('12:30',':','!')
Result: '12!30'

Fonctions nombres

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Nom Description Exemple
ceiling() Returns the smallest integer that is not less than the number argument number=ceiling(number)

Example:
ceiling(3.14)
Result: 4

floor() Returns the largest integer that is not greater than the number

argument

number=floor(number)

Example:
floor(3.14)
Result: 3

number() Converts the value argument to a number number=number(value)

Example:
number('100')
Result: 100

round() Rounds the number argument to the nearest integer integer=round(number)

Example:
round(3.14)
Result: 3

sum() Returns the total value of a set of numeric values in a node-set number=sum(nodeset)

Example:
sum(/cd/price)

Fonctions booléennes

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Nom Description Exemple
boolean() Converts the value argument to Boolean and returns true or false bool=boolean(value)
false() Returns false false()

Example:
number(false())
Result: 0

lang() Returns true if the language argument matches the language of the xsl:lang element, otherwise it returns false bool=lang(language)
not() Returns true if the condition argument is false, and false if the condition argument is true bool=not(condition)

Example:
not(false())

true() Returns true true()

Example:
number(true())
Result: 1

Références

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Voir aussi

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